Use Of Machinery In Agriculture
MAKING INDIA A GLOBAL POWERHOUSE IN THE FARM MACHINERY INDUSTRY :
Agricultural progress in India is the result of a coordinated interplay of man-machine material contact. While food grain production reached a record high of 314.51 million tones (Mt) in 2022, India is experiencing a parallel increase in input costs and deterioration of natural resources due to poor input utilization. Farm mechanization provides an opportunity to retain youth in agriculture by improving comfort and revenue over traditional farming.
In India, the proportion of farmers to total workers fell from 59.1% in 1991 to 54.6% in 2011 and 39.4% in 2021. Total farm electricity availability from all sources was 0.3 kW ha-1 in 1960 and climbed to 2.54 kW ha-1 in 2019-20. The aim for average agricultural power availability by 2030 is 4.0 kW ha-1 for timely and precise field activities. The Net sown area per tractor decreased from 487 ha/tractor in 1975-76 to 18 ha/tractor by 2019-20 as the population of operational tractors increased to 7.5 million. With over 0.8 million tractor sales per year, India has emerged as the world's top tractor producer. Along with tractors, there has been a considerable increase in power tillers, combine harvesters, diesel engines, and electric motors in relation to positive crop productivity. The sales of power tillers, combine harvesters, diesel engines, and electric motors climbed by 0.50 million, 0.05 million, 11.50 million, and 7.50 million, respectively.
Farm Machinery Industry in India :
Between 1900 and 2020, agricultural mechanization, including pre-and post-production, transitioned from subsistence farming to robots and artificial intelligence. After the year 2010, agricultural mechanization and post-harvest processing entered a new era of technology known as precision agriculture and post-harvest processing. The overall mechanization level in wheat is 69%, 50% in rice, 45% in maize, 41% in pulses, 38% in oilseeds, 35% in cotton, and 33% in millets and sugarcane. The current total agriculture mechanization rate is 47% in India.
Precision technologies aid in the judicious application of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and water, among other things. Similarly, using digital technology for harvesting, packaging, transportation, storage, processing, and marketing lowers post-harvest losses to a bare minimum.
The new digital farming (DF) or smart farming technology focuses on real-time agricultural data collecting and decision-making. Digital farming also incorporates the concepts of precision farming, smart farming, and a wide range of technologies, the majority of which have various uses along the agricultural value chain. These technologies include cloud computing/big data analysis tools such as blockchain and smart contracts, the Internet of Things (IoT), digital communication technology (mobile phones), image processing, and digital platforms.
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